
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <title>4、Spring Boot 运行时环境配置 - 交互式测验</title>
      <style>
        @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
        
        body {
          font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', sans-serif;
          background-color: #f4f7f9;
          color: #333;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: center;
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 100vh;
          margin: 0;
          padding: 20px;
          box-sizing: border-box;
        }
        
        .main-wrapper {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 900px; /* Wider to accommodate buttons */
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .quiz-container {
          background-color: #ffffff;
          border-radius: 16px;
          box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
          width: 100%;
          max-width: 700px;
          overflow: hidden;
          z-index: 10;
        }

        .quiz-header {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          padding: 20px 30px;
          text-align: center;
        }

        .quiz-header h1 {
          margin: 0;
          font-size: 24px;
          font-weight: 700;
        }
        
        .quiz-header p {
            margin: 5px 0 0;
            font-size: 14px;
            opacity: 0.9;
        }

        .quiz-body {
          padding: 30px;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            display: none; /* 隐藏进度条 */
            width: 100%;
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
            border-radius: 5px;
            height: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #progress-indicator {
            height: 100%;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: #4caf50;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
        }

        #question-container {
          margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #question-text {
          font-size: 18px;
          font-weight: 500;
          line-height: 1.6;
          margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .options-list {
          list-style: none;
          padding: 0;
          margin: 0;
        }

        .option-item {
          background-color: #f8f9fa;
          border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          margin-bottom: 12px;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
        }

        .option-item:hover {
          background-color: #e9ecef;
        }
        
        .option-item.selected {
            background-color: #d1e7fd;
            border-color: #4a90e2;
        }

        .quiz-footer {
          padding: 20px 30px;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: space-between; /* 将按钮分布在两侧 */
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 65px; /* Reserve space */
        }

        .nav-btn {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          border: none;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 10px 20px;
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: 500;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
        }
        
        #next-btn {
            background-color: #28a745;
        }

        .nav-btn:hover {
          background-color: #357abd;
          transform: scale(1.05);
        }
        
        .nav-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #a0c3e8;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            opacity: 0.7;
        }

        #result-container {
            border-top: 1px solid #eee;
        }
        
        .result-box {
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 20px;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        
        .result-box.correct {
            background-color: #d4edda;
            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
            color: #155724;
        }

        .result-box.incorrect {
            background-color: #f8d7da;
            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
            color: #721c24;
        }
        
        .result-box h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
        }

        .explanation-text {
            margin-top: 15px;
            line-height: 1.7;
        }
        
        .source-text {
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-top: 15px;
            color: #555;
        }

        
        .final-score-container {
            padding: 40px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .final-score-container h2 {
            margin-top: 0;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
        .score-summary {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 40px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
        }
        .score-card {
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 180px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
            border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
        }
        .score-card h3 {
            margin: 0 0 10px;
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: #555;
        }
        .score-card p {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 28px;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: #333;
        }
        .score-details table {
            width: 100%;
            font-size: 16px;
        }
        .score-details td {
            padding: 4px 0;
        }
        .score-details td:last-child {
            text-align: right;
            font-weight: 700;
        }
        .report-actions button {
            background-color: #fff;
            border: 1px solid #ccc;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 12px 25px;
            font-size: 16px;
            cursor: pointer;
            margin: 0 10px;
            transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
        }
        .report-actions button:hover {
            background-color: #f1f1f1;
            border-color: #bbb;
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }
        .report-actions button.primary {
            background-color: #28a745;
            color: white;
            border-color: #28a745;
        }
        .report-actions button.primary:hover {
            background-color: #218838;
        }
        
        .hint-container {
            background-color: #e0f7fa;
            border: 1px solid #b2ebf2;
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 15px;
            margin-top: 20px;
            color: #006064;
            font-size: 15px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            display: none; /* 默认隐藏 */
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>4、Spring Boot 运行时环境配置 - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "在Spring Boot应用中，哪个核心类是整个应用的启动入口，负责创建应用上下文并初始化环境配置？",
    "options": [
      "ConfigurableApplicationContext",
      "ConfigFileApplicationListener",
      "SpringApplication",
      "Environment"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，`SpringApplication` 是 Spring Boot 应用的启动类，它负责创建应用上下文并初始化配置。我们通常在主类的 `main` 方法中调用 `SpringApplication.run()` 来启动整个应用。",
    "source": "文档中「1. Spring Boot 的环境配置入口」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下，在编写一个最简单的Spring Boot应用时，你在 `main` 方法里调用了哪个类的静态方法？"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档中描述的配置文件加载顺序，以下哪种配置源在Spring Boot中具有最高的优先级？",
    "options": [
      "项目根目录下的 `application.properties` 文件",
      "通过 `spring.profiles.active` 激活的 `application-{profile}.properties` 文件",
      "命令行参数",
      "通过 `spring.config.location` 指定的外部配置文件"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档中的优先级列表明确指出，“命令行参数”具有最高的优先级。这意味着通过命令行传入的属性（例如 `java -jar app.jar --server.port=9090`）可以覆盖任何配置文件中定义的同名属性。",
    "source": "文档中「4. 配置文件的加载与处理」部分的「配置文件的优先级」小节",
    "hint": "当你需要在不修改任何代码或配置文件的情况下，临时为某次运行指定一个特定配置时，最便捷的方式是什么？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Spring Boot的自动配置机制中，`@ConditionalOnClass` 注解的核心作用是什么？",
    "options": [
      "仅当配置文件中存在某个特定属性时，才启用相关配置。",
      "仅当类路径（classpath）中存在指定的类时，才启用相关的配置。",
      "强制加载一个配置类，无论当前环境满足何种条件。",
      "仅当Spring容器中已经存在某个特定的Bean时，才启用配置。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中以 `DataSourceAutoConfiguration` 为例，解释了 `@ConditionalOnClass(DataSource.class)` 的作用：它会检查应用的类路径中是否存在 `DataSource` 这个类。只有存在（意味着你引入了相关的数据库驱动依赖），才会执行该配置类，创建数据源Bean。这实现了智能化的按需配置。",
    "source": "文档中「3. Spring Boot 的自动配置机制」部分的「自动配置的实现」小节",
    "hint": "这个注解的名称本身就给出了线索：“Conditional On Class”，即“基于类的条件”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "如果开发者想要根据不同的环境（如'dev'或'prod'）来激活不同的Bean配置，应该使用哪个注解，并通过设置哪个属性来控制？",
    "options": [
      "使用 `@Component` 注解，并通过设置 `application.environment` 属性来激活。",
      "使用 `@Profile` 注解，并通过设置 `spring.profiles.active` 属性来激活。",
      "使用 `@Configuration` 注解，并通过设置 `spring.env.profile` 属性来激活。",
      "使用 `@Conditional` 注解，并通过命令行参数 `--env=dev` 来激活。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档清晰地展示了如何使用 `@Profile(\"dev\")` 和 `@Profile(\"prod\")` 注解来标记特定环境下的Bean。同时指出，可以通过在配置文件或启动参数中设置 `spring.profiles.active` 属性来指定当前应用运行在哪个环境中，从而激活对应的配置。",
    "source": "文档中「5. Profile 与环境的切换」部分",
    "hint": "文档中提到了一个专门用于定义“环境剖面”的注解，以及一个名为“激活的环境剖面”的配置属性。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Spring Boot应用启动过程中，哪个核心监听器（Listener）专门负责加载 `application.properties` 或 `application.yml` 等配置文件？",
    "options": [
      "AutoConfigurationImportListener",
      "ConfigFileApplicationListener",
      "ApplicationReadyEvent",
      "SpringApplicationRunListener"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中明确提到 `ConfigFileApplicationListener` 是Spring Boot用来加载配置文件的核心类之一。它会监听 `ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent` 事件，一旦环境准备好，它就会去查找并加载各类配置文件，将其内容填充到 `Environment` 对象中。",
    "source": "文档中「4. 配置文件的加载与处理」部分的「ConfigFileApplicationListener 类」小节",
    "hint": "这个组件的名称直接揭示了它的功能：一个与“配置文件”相关的“应用监听器”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "如果你希望将配置文件中以特定前缀（例如 `data`）开头的一组属性，自动、类型安全地绑定到一个Java配置类（POJO）的字段上，最适合使用哪个注解？",
    "options": [
      "@Value",
      "@ConfigurationProperties",
      "@PropertySource",
      "@Autowired"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中的示例展示了 `@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = \"data\")` 的用法。该注解可以将配置文件中所有以 `data.` 开头的属性（如 `data.url`, `data.username`）自动映射并注入到被注解的Bean的同名成员变量上，是处理结构化配置的推荐方式。",
    "source": "文档中「6. 运行时环境的多配置文件支持」部分的「@PropertySource 和 @ConfigurationProperties」小节",
    "hint": "你需要一个能够处理一组“配置属性”并将其绑定到对象上的注解，而不是注入单个值或单个Bean。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在Spring框架中，`Environment` 接口扮演的核心角色是什么？",
    "options": [
      "仅用于管理和切换不同的Profile（环境配置）",
      "它是一个统一的接口，用于访问和管理所有环境属性，包括配置文件、系统属性和环境变量。",
      "专门负责处理Web请求的上下文信息，如Session和Request。",
      "负责Bean的创建、装配和生命周期管理的核心容器。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "根据文档描述，`Environment` 是Spring中用于访问和管理环境属性的核心接口。它不仅处理Profile，还整合了来自各种 `PropertySource`（如配置文件、JVM系统属性、操作系统环境变量等）的数据，为整个应用提供了一个统一的配置属性访问入口。",
    "source": "文档中「2. Environment 的作用」部分",
    "hint": "这个接口的名称“Environment”直接说明了它的职责——代表应用的整个运行“环境”及其属性。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
          }
          
          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
        }
        
        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  